There are two fundamental protocols in the transport layer 1. TCP Transmission Control Protocol-- connection-oriented protocol 2. UDP User Datagram Protocol -- connectionless protocol Connection-oriented communication : establishes a logical (virtual) connection prior to sending data. Connectionless communication : sends data right away without establishing a logical connection Qn why do we have transport layer protocal? IP provides a weak, but efficient service model (best-effort ) How should hosts send into the network? i.)Flow Control ii.) Too fast is bad; too slow is not efficient IP packets are addressed to a host How to decide which application gets which packets? NOTE TRASPORT LAYER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESS TO PROCESS DELIVERY PORTS port is a communication endpoints Since there are many applications running on a computer, there is a need to decide which application gets which packet. A port number is a way to identify a specific application (proc
Do you want your hard drive to be faster?
If you pay any attention to the latest and greatest technology and how it seems to improve on a daily basis in regards to performance then you know how hard it can be to keep up. Smartphones are notorious for making you feel like you are being left in the dust since there seems to be a new one out every week that makes the last one look like a dinosaur.
Our computers have been advancing at a slower rate but there are still some recent improvements that have been making them faster than ever. SSD (solid state) hard drives have been out for some time now but they are a bit more expensive then the spinning SATA drives we have been using for years, especially when it comes to the higher capacity versions. Lately with new computers you will see SSD drives offered as the Windows\system drive and then you will have a larger SATA drive for storage.?
There is now some new technology from Intel that is being included with computers called Optane memory that is used to act as a faster cache type memory for data and is used to store commonly used data while keeping less commonly used data stored on your hard drive. Optane memory can be used with SSD and SATA drives.
Optane memory uses what is called a Least Recently Used (LRU) approach to deciding what data should be stored where. All data starts out on your hard drive of course but as you use your computer it will determine what data is used more often and then it will start to build its cache with that data. As you use your computer, this cache will grow larger and it will store more data that can be accessed using this faster method. With Optane memory enabled computers, access speeds increase as you use your computer and data gets cached.
The amount of data that can be stored in this Optane memory varies depending on the capacity of the memory itself. Common sizes are 16GB, 32GB, 64GB with larger sizes being released. Of course the larger the capacity, the more data it can hold and the better overall performance you will get. As newer more commonly used data is accessed, older less commonly used data will be removed from memory so the higher the capacity of Optane memory you have, the better.
To use Optane memory you will need to have a motherboard with an Intel based chipset with a M.2 expansion slot and Intel processor (7th generation or higher) and there are only certain models that will work. This is assuming you want to add this memory to your existing system.
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