Skip to main content

Transport Layer Protocols

There are two fundamental protocols in the transport layer  1. TCP Transmission Control Protocol-- connection-oriented protocol 2. UDP User Datagram Protocol -- connectionless protocol Connection-oriented communication : establishes a logical (virtual) connection prior to sending data. Connectionless communication : sends data right away without establishing a logical connection Qn why do we have transport layer protocal?  IP provides a weak, but efficient service model (best-effort ) How should hosts send into the network?      i.)Flow Control      ii.) Too fast is bad; too slow is not efficient IP packets are addressed to a host           How to decide which application gets which packets?         NOTE TRASPORT LAYER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESS TO PROCESS DELIVERY PORTS port is a communication endpoints  Since there are many applications running on a co...
Post a Comment

Transport Layer Protocols

There are two fundamental protocols in the transport layer 

1. TCP Transmission Control Protocol-- connection-oriented protocol
2. UDP User Datagram Protocol -- connectionless protocol

Connection-oriented communication: establishes a logical (virtual) connection prior to sending data.

Connectionless communication: sends data right away without establishing a logical connection

Qn why do we have transport layer protocal?
  1.  IP provides a weak, but efficient service model (best-effort)
  2. How should hosts send into the network?
         i.)Flow Control
         ii.) Too fast is bad; too slow is not efficient
  3. IP packets are addressed to a host
        How to decide which application gets which packets?
       

NOTE TRASPORT LAYER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESS TO PROCESS DELIVERY


PORTS
port is a communication endpoints 

Since there are many applications running on a computer, there is a need to decide which application gets which packet.

A port number is a way to identify a specific application (process) to which an Internet or other network message is to be forwarded when it arrives at a server

It is essentially a memory space denoted by a 16-bit non-negative integer ranging from 0-65,535 inclusive.

One port is linked to only one application

One application may use many ports for different purposes (e.g. FTP: 20, 21)
   

TYPES OF PORT NUMBERS

  1. Well-known Ports: range 0-1023
  2. Registered Ports: range 1024-49151
  3. Dynamic ports: range 49152-65535


     



These ports are reserved for services and applications.

Everyone agrees what services run on these ports. E.g. ssh:22, http:80 

By defining these well-known ports for server applications, client applications can be programmed to request a connection to that specific port and its associated service. 

Client must know server’s port.

The Well Known Ports are assigned by the IANA and on most systems can only be used by system (or root) processes or by programs executed by privileged users.

Next







alert('Hello')

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

computer tricks you must know in 2020

The top 3 Computer tricks  There are lots of hidden tricks present on the computer/laptop that are unknown to most of the users. Here I have written the top 14 computer tips and tricks [2020] to let you know all the hidden tricks that are present on your computer.   1. Clear Useless Temporary Data There are lots of temporary data present in your laptop/computer machine which should be cleared in some certain time. To clear the temporary data from your windows, click on the  windows logo  search  ‘run’  and open it. Now type  %temp%  and hit enter, there will be lots of useless folders and files you have to select and delete all the files and folders. Clearing temporary data will boost your Computer(PC) performance and free the hard drive space. 2. Play media into chrome browser Sometimes you don’t have any media player to play audios and videos. In this case, you can use your Chrome browser as a media player. To play audio or video s...
Post a Comment
Read more

How USB Works

  Universal Serial Bus, or USB for short provides a single, standardized, easy to use way to connect devices to a computer. It uses a much higher data transfer rate than many common serial data formats. You can attach up to 127 individual devices to your computer using USB. USB can also supply enough power to smaller USB devices taking away the need to plug them into an external power source. This comes in handy for remote notebook useage. Some common examples of USB devices include: Printers Scanners Mice Keyboards Joysticks Digital cameras Webcams Speakers External hard drives If the device you are installing is new to the computer, Windows will auto detect it and asks for the driver disk if needed. If the device has already been installed, the computer will start using the device right away. USB devices can be connected and disconnected at any time making them hot swappable. Typical USB connectors have an A connector on one side and a B connector on the other. You can have other...
Post a Comment
Read more

amazing tricks to learn 2020

10 hidden Google tricks we bet you didn’t know! Google has changed our lives forever, hasn’t it? Moreover, It’s kind of hard to imagine a world where Google does not exist… This Einstein of search engines is also very sneaky! Here are 10 Google tricks you need to try right away! We bet you are going to love these! 2.   Askew/Tilt When someone is trying to search something on google send them the askew link and watch the reaction. Askew/Tilt will tilt the google page and the user watching it for the first time will be shocked. Try it with your friends to see their reactions. 3.   Zerg Rush Search Zerg Rush and see your Google results disappearing one by one. The search will take you to a google page where you can see the alphabets erasing and falling all the results one by one. 4.   Blink HTML Go to google and search Blink HTML. You can see all the words blinking at a time. Try this! 5.   Party Like It’s 1998 If your friend is using a high-speed internet connecti...
Post a Comment
Read more