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Transport Layer Protocols

There are two fundamental protocols in the transport layer  1. TCP Transmission Control Protocol-- connection-oriented protocol 2. UDP User Datagram Protocol -- connectionless protocol Connection-oriented communication : establishes a logical (virtual) connection prior to sending data. Connectionless communication : sends data right away without establishing a logical connection Qn why do we have transport layer protocal?  IP provides a weak, but efficient service model (best-effort ) How should hosts send into the network?      i.)Flow Control      ii.) Too fast is bad; too slow is not efficient IP packets are addressed to a host           How to decide which application gets which packets?         NOTE TRASPORT LAYER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESS TO PROCESS DELIVERY PORTS port is a communication endpoints  Since there are many applications running on a computer, there is a need to decide which application gets which packet. A port number is a way to identify a specific application (proc
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Transport Layer Protocols

There are two fundamental protocols in the transport layer 

1. TCP Transmission Control Protocol-- connection-oriented protocol
2. UDP User Datagram Protocol -- connectionless protocol

Connection-oriented communication: establishes a logical (virtual) connection prior to sending data.

Connectionless communication: sends data right away without establishing a logical connection

Qn why do we have transport layer protocal?
  1.  IP provides a weak, but efficient service model (best-effort)
  2. How should hosts send into the network?
         i.)Flow Control
         ii.) Too fast is bad; too slow is not efficient
  3. IP packets are addressed to a host
        How to decide which application gets which packets?
       

NOTE TRASPORT LAYER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESS TO PROCESS DELIVERY


PORTS
port is a communication endpoints 

Since there are many applications running on a computer, there is a need to decide which application gets which packet.

A port number is a way to identify a specific application (process) to which an Internet or other network message is to be forwarded when it arrives at a server

It is essentially a memory space denoted by a 16-bit non-negative integer ranging from 0-65,535 inclusive.

One port is linked to only one application

One application may use many ports for different purposes (e.g. FTP: 20, 21)
   

TYPES OF PORT NUMBERS

  1. Well-known Ports: range 0-1023
  2. Registered Ports: range 1024-49151
  3. Dynamic ports: range 49152-65535


     



These ports are reserved for services and applications.

Everyone agrees what services run on these ports. E.g. ssh:22, http:80 

By defining these well-known ports for server applications, client applications can be programmed to request a connection to that specific port and its associated service. 

Client must know server’s port.

The Well Known Ports are assigned by the IANA and on most systems can only be used by system (or root) processes or by programs executed by privileged users.

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